Pastoreo y caza de camélidos en el Temprano de la Puna de Salta: Datos osteométricos del sitio Matancillas 2
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Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad
de Ciencias Sociales
Abstract
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Los camélidos fueron los recursos faunísticos más importantes para las
poblaciones puneñas a lo largo de toda su historia cultural. Así lo indican
los registros arqueofaunísticos de la mayoría de los sitios analizados en
el Noroeste argentino. Para el Temprano (2500-1350 AP.), la existencia de
una diversificación de las estrategias económicas no habría impedido seguir
consumiendo mayoritariamente camélidos; más aún, las estrategias pastoriles
y cazadoras se habrían centrado en estos recursos. Los datos osteométricos
obtenidos de los conjuntos arqueofaunísticos provenientes del sitio
Matancillas 2 están de acuerdo con estas consideraciones, ya que se
registró la presencia de especímenes correspondientes a llama y vicuña, lo
que indicaría una economía con pastoreo y caza. Siguiendo las predicciones
de modelos de manejo del riesgo, es posible que la diversificación citada
minimizará las fluctuaciones ambientales a las que estaban sometidas las
poblaciones de la Puna.
Camelids were the most important faunal resource for the human populations of the Puna highlands throughout their cultural history in the Argentinean Northwest, as is demonstrated by the archaeofaunal record. During the Temprano period (2500- 1350 BP.), the existence of diversification in economic strategies did not prevent the consumption of camelids predominating. Even most pastoralists and hunters’ strategies were centered on these resources. The osteometrical data obtained from the archaeofaunal assemblages of Matancillas 2 site shows the presence of specimens pertaining to llama (a domesticated species) and vicuña (a wild species), suggesting both pastoralism and hunting strategies for the supply of meat. Following the predictions of risk-sensitive models, the combining of these strategies can be explained as a risk-minimization tactic based on the diversification of economic activities to minimize fluctuations in the resource base to which the human populations of this region were exposed.
Fil: López, Gabriel E. J. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina.
Camelids were the most important faunal resource for the human populations of the Puna highlands throughout their cultural history in the Argentinean Northwest, as is demonstrated by the archaeofaunal record. During the Temprano period (2500- 1350 BP.), the existence of diversification in economic strategies did not prevent the consumption of camelids predominating. Even most pastoralists and hunters’ strategies were centered on these resources. The osteometrical data obtained from the archaeofaunal assemblages of Matancillas 2 site shows the presence of specimens pertaining to llama (a domesticated species) and vicuña (a wild species), suggesting both pastoralism and hunting strategies for the supply of meat. Following the predictions of risk-sensitive models, the combining of these strategies can be explained as a risk-minimization tactic based on the diversification of economic activities to minimize fluctuations in the resource base to which the human populations of this region were exposed.
Fil: López, Gabriel E. J. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina.
Keywords
Arqueología, Arqueofauna, Fauna, Osteometría, Matancillas 2, Llama, Vicuña, Camélidos, Recursos faunísticos, Región del Noroeste, NOA, Pastoreo, Caza, Puna de Salta, Salta, Argentina