2021-04-062021-04-06http://suquia.ffyh.unc.edu.ar/handle/11336/63293Objectives: To determine genetic differences between agriculturalist and hunter-gatherer southern Native American populations for selected metabolism-related markers and to test whether Neel's thrifty genotype hypothesis (TGH) could explain the genetic patterns observed in these populations. Materials and Methods: 375 Native South American individuals from 17 populations were genotyped using six markers (APOE rs429358 and rs7412; APOA2 rs5082; CD36 rs3211883; TCF7L2 rs11196205; and IGF2BP2 rs11705701). Additionally, APOE genotypes from 39 individuals were obtained from the literature. AMOVA, main effects, and gene-gene interaction tests were performed. Results: We observed differences in allele distribution patterns between agriculturalists and hunter-gatherers for some markers. For instance, between-groups component of genetic variance (FCT) for APOE rs429358 showed strong differences in allelic distributions between hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists (p = 0.00196). Gene-gene interaction analysis indicated that the APOE E4/CD36 TT and APOE E4/IGF2BP2 A carrier combinations occur at a higher frequency in hunter-gatherers, but this combination is not replicated in archaic (Neanderthal and Denisovan) and ancient (Anzick, Saqqaq, Ust-Ishim, Mal'ta) hunter-gatherer individuals. Discussion: A complex scenario explains the observed frequencies of the tested markers in hunter-gatherers. Different factors, such as pleotropic alleles, rainforest selective pressures, and population dynamics, may be collectively shaping the observed genetic patterns. We conclude that although TGH seems a plausible hypothesis to explain part of the data, other factors may be important in our tested populations.Fil: Reales, Guillermo. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Rovaris, Diego L.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Jacovas, Vanessa C.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Hünemeier, Tábita. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Sandoval, José R.. Universidad de San Martín de Porres. Facultad de Medicina Humana; PerúFil: Salazar Granara, Alcibiades. Universidad de San Martín de Porres. Facultad de Medicina Humana; PerúFil: Demarchi, Dario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Tarazona Santos, Eduardo. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Felkl, Aline B.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Serafini, Michele A.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Salzano, Francisco M.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Bisso Machado, Rafael. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Comas, David. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; EspañaFil: Paixão Côrtes, Vanessa R.. Universidade Federal da Bahia; BrasilFil: Bortolini, Maria Catira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasilapplication/pdfapplication/pdfinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ADAPTATIONAPOEMODE OF SUBSISTENCEPLEIOTROPYOtras Ciencias BiológicasCiencias BiológicasCIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTASGenética y HerenciaCiencias BiológicasCIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTASinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article