La tradición conflictiva de los fantasmas : notas antropológicas sobre escrituras quichuas en Santiago del Estero, Argentina
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Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales
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¿Qué sucede cuando una lengua nativa minorizada, con nula visibilidad social, genera numerosos conflictos al manifestarse como escritura pública? ¿Cómo son afectados algunos sectores, personas, instituciones y procesos cuando estas escrituras emergen? En este trabajo realizamos una aproximación antropológica sobre algunas prácticas de escritura en lengua quichua, en la provincia de Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Exponemos una cronología de situaciones en las que se generan diversas tensiones: la conformación de un campo cultural “quichua” con parámetros desindianizados; conflictos ideológicos de larga data sobre el uso de alfabetos diferentes; usos “culturalistas” del sector hegemónico provincial y nuevas escrituras emergentes en esferas juveniles y educativas. Partimos de la premisa de que cualquier desarrollo de una escritura nativa tendrá necesariamente que basarse en las prácticas sociales y parámetros culturales de una población sociolingüísticamente heterogénea. Este es el marco para comprender por qué, en lenguas nativas, pueden ocurrir procesos problemáticos de bloqueos e imposibilidades, en sus intentos de realizarse como escrituras plenas dentro de la hegemonía discursiva predominante.
What happens when a marginalized indigenous language, with no social visibility, generates numerous conflicts when used as a public writing system? How are certain sectors, individuals, institutions and processes affected when these written works emerge? In this paper, an anthropological approach is taken to Quichua language writing practices in the province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. A chronicle is presented of situations where tensions are generated: the invention of a de-Indianized cultural field for this language; long-standing ideological conflicts regarding the use of different alphabets; ‘culturalist’ uses from certain centers of cultural power in the provice; and newly emerging written works from the educational and youth spheres. The starting assumption is that any development of a native writing system will necessarily have to be based on the social practices and cultural parameters of a sociolinguistically heterogeneous population. This should help us understand why problematic set-backs and obstructions can confront an indigenous language as it attempts to manifest itself as a fully-fledged writing-system, within the prevailing discursive hegemony.
Fil: Andreani, Héctor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero; Argentina.
What happens when a marginalized indigenous language, with no social visibility, generates numerous conflicts when used as a public writing system? How are certain sectors, individuals, institutions and processes affected when these written works emerge? In this paper, an anthropological approach is taken to Quichua language writing practices in the province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. A chronicle is presented of situations where tensions are generated: the invention of a de-Indianized cultural field for this language; long-standing ideological conflicts regarding the use of different alphabets; ‘culturalist’ uses from certain centers of cultural power in the provice; and newly emerging written works from the educational and youth spheres. The starting assumption is that any development of a native writing system will necessarily have to be based on the social practices and cultural parameters of a sociolinguistically heterogeneous population. This should help us understand why problematic set-backs and obstructions can confront an indigenous language as it attempts to manifest itself as a fully-fledged writing-system, within the prevailing discursive hegemony.
Fil: Andreani, Héctor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero; Argentina.
Keywords
Santiago del Estero, Argentina, Antropología, Escritura, Conflicto lingüístico, Lengua quichua, Lingüística