Estado nutricional y parasitosis intestinales en niños residentes en zonas urbana, periurbana y rural del partido de Brandsen (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
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El presente estudio tuvo como objeto analizar el estado nutricional y las parasitosis intestinales en niños de 3 a 6 años de edad, residentes en zonas urbanas (U), periurbanas (PU) y rurales (R) del partido de Brandsen. La muestra quedó constituida por 600 niños (302 varones y 298 mujeres). Los valores <P5 de peso, talla y peso para la talla fueron considerados como indicadores de bajo peso para la edad, baja talla para la edad y bajo peso para la talla. Los valores de IMC >P85#P95 definieron sobrepeso y >P95 obesidad. Se tomaron muestras de materia fecal seriada y escobillado anal que fueron analizadas mediante técnicas de concentración por sedimentación (Ritchie) y flotación (Willis). Los datos fueron asociados con las características socioambientales de cada zona. PU presentó prevalencias de baja talla para la edad y parasitosis significativamente mayores que U (p<0.01). Se registraron 7 especies parásitas en U, 8 en PU y 4 en R, siendo Enterobius vermicularis, Blastocystis hominis y Giardia lamblia las especies más abundantes. También el poliparasitismo fue mayor en PU. Aunque el sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron elevados en las tres zonas, las mayores prevalencias se registraron en PU y R respecto de U (p<0.01). La coexistencia de desnutrición y sobrepeso-obesidad, podría vincularse con los cambios experimentados en las costumbres alimentarias y los modos de vida de estas poblaciones en el contexto de la transición nutricional. La zona periurbana presenta las peores condiciones socio-ambientales para el crecimiento y la salud de los niños en edad preescolar.
Nutritional status and intestinal parasitosis in children 3 to 6 years oldinhabiting urban (U), periurban (PU) and rural (R) areas from Brandsen city wereexamined. The sample included 600 children (302 boys and 298 girls). Undernutritionprevalence was estimated on data from National Center of Health Statistics. Weight/age, height/age, and weight/height below 5th percentile, were considered as indicatorsof low height-for-age, low weight-for-age and low weight-for-height status. BMI >85th#95th percentiles defined overweight and BMI >95th percentiles defined obesity. Faecalsamples and anal brushed were collected. The sedimentation (Ritchie) and flotation(Willis) techniques were used. Data were associated with socio-environmentalcharacteristics of each area. Prevalence of low-height-for-age children and intestinalparasites were significantly higher in PU than in U (p<0.01). Seven parasitic species inU, eight in PU and four in R were found. Enterobius vermicularis, Blastocystis hominisand Giardia lamblia were the most common species found. Periurban area also showedthe higher prevalences of poliparasitism. All the areas harbored children with highbody weight but overweight and obesity were significantly higher in periurban andrural children than the urban ones (p<0.01). The coexistence of undernutrition andoverweight may be linked with changes in feeding practices and life styles of populationsin the context of the nutritional transition. Periurban area has the worst social andenvironmental conditions for growth and health in preschool children.
Asociación de Antropología Biológica de la República Argentina
Nutritional status and intestinal parasitosis in children 3 to 6 years oldinhabiting urban (U), periurban (PU) and rural (R) areas from Brandsen city wereexamined. The sample included 600 children (302 boys and 298 girls). Undernutritionprevalence was estimated on data from National Center of Health Statistics. Weight/age, height/age, and weight/height below 5th percentile, were considered as indicatorsof low height-for-age, low weight-for-age and low weight-for-height status. BMI >85th#95th percentiles defined overweight and BMI >95th percentiles defined obesity. Faecalsamples and anal brushed were collected. The sedimentation (Ritchie) and flotation(Willis) techniques were used. Data were associated with socio-environmentalcharacteristics of each area. Prevalence of low-height-for-age children and intestinalparasites were significantly higher in PU than in U (p<0.01). Seven parasitic species inU, eight in PU and four in R were found. Enterobius vermicularis, Blastocystis hominisand Giardia lamblia were the most common species found. Periurban area also showedthe higher prevalences of poliparasitism. All the areas harbored children with highbody weight but overweight and obesity were significantly higher in periurban andrural children than the urban ones (p<0.01). The coexistence of undernutrition andoverweight may be linked with changes in feeding practices and life styles of populationsin the context of the nutritional transition. Periurban area has the worst social andenvironmental conditions for growth and health in preschool children.
Asociación de Antropología Biológica de la República Argentina
Keywords
Antropología, Brandsen (Buenos Aires, Argentina), Nutrición, enteroparasitosis